The effectiveness of binary mixtures of phosphorus and sulfur COMPOUNDS as coke inhibitors for naphtha pyrolysis has been studied. As both phosphorus and sulfur COMPOUNDS proved to be promising coke inhibitors, runs were made with mixtures of these COMPOUNDS. The coke deposited was significantly lower when phosphor was used together with sulfur. Also, the effect of the addition of Na2CO3 and K2CO3 in the naphtha feed was investigated. It was found that the addition of Na2CO3 and K2CO3 reduced the coke formation. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for the microstructure of deposited coke and energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDAX) for the surface elemental composition of coke formed on the surface of stainless steel coupons. It was found that in the presence of inhibitors, deposited coke has a porous structure and so small amounts of Ni , Cr , and Fe elements.

The aim of these research have been isolation and recognization of bacteria from costal region of Caspian Sea and evaluation their potency for bioactive COMPOUNDS with anti bacterial activity production. In this study, at first 29 water samples were collected from costal region of Caspian Sea and analyzed for isolation the bacteria. After culture and purification the samples, the ability of bioactive COMPOUNDS with anti bacterial production of the isolated bacteria were assessed by agar well diffusion method against 10 human pathogen, and then the isolated bacteria that produced these COMPOUNDS were characterized based on biochemical methods on Bergys Manual of Systematic Bacteriologi, 16Sr RNA gene sequence analysis had done on three of them with wide spectrum effect. Then hemolytic activity of these isolated compound were examined. A total, 108 bacteria were isolated and amongst these, 12 bacteria showed anti bacterial activity against at least 3 strains of 10 strains of human pathogen. Biochemical characterization of these bacteria showed that these bacteria were mainly Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp. The phylogenetic analysis using 16Sr RNA sequencing on three strain releaved that 100% affiliation with Bacillus cereus and 99/7% with Alcaligenes faecalis and 99/7% with Exiguobacterium acetylicum strain DSM 20416.The most antibacterial activity abserved inPseudomonas aeroginosa that showed antibacterial activity in 10 strain of human pathogens.

This experiment was designed to survey the nutritive value and estimate protected-protein level of Protanomix as a new protein source and compare it with soybean meal. Protanomix is a brown powder by separating the precipitate produced from the reaction of tannin with corn-steep liquor. Crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) in this protein source is nearly similar to soybean meal, and more than 80% of its protein content is insoluble. In this study, potential of in vitro gas production in Protanomix was significantly (P˂0.001) lower than the control treatment (soybean meal); however, substitution of soybean meal at different levels of Protanomix in experimental diets did not lead to significant changes in gas production parameters (P˃0.05). Comparing Protanomix with soybean meal (control) showed that in vitro truly degraded dry matter (IVTDDM), estimated metabilizable energy (ME) and pH were similar (P˃0.05). However, short chain fatty acids (SCFA), apparently in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMAD) and ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3) were significantly higher in soybean meal (P˂0.01) than Protanomix, while partitioning factor (PF), microbial protein synthesis (MPS) and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS) were greater in Protanomix than soybean meal (P˂0.05). Nonetheless, when soybean meal was substituted with different levels of Protanomix in the experimental diets, only concentration of ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3) was significantly decreased (P˂0.001).

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using portulaca oleracea as a source of plant antioxidants for feeding fattening male lambs, on carcass traits, meat quality, and oxidative stability. Twenty-one male lambs with an average weight of 24±1.5 kg and 150±15 days old were fed with one of the experimental rations included a diet without portulaca oleracea as control, a diet containing 7.5%, and a diet containing 15% portulaca oleracea, for 84 days. The muscle (Longissimus dorsi) samplewas used to determine pH, chemical composition, colorimetric properties, and oxidative stability of meat. Meat lipid oxidation was determined after 1, 7, and 30 days of refrigerated storage using thiobarbituric acid (TBARS). The use of portulaca oleracea in diets improved meat color characteristics such as L, chroma, and Hue. The highest ash concentration and the lowest meat moisture were observed in the treatment of 15% portulaca oleracea (P<0.05). Meat pH was the lowest in the first hour after slaughter but did not differ at 24 h. Compared to the control, in both treatment groups feeding the lambs with portulaca significantly reduced the concentration of Malondialdehyde in the meat of the lambs and increased the meat oxidative stability (P<0.05). The results of this experiment showed that feeding portulaca oleracea by improving properties such as color and increasing the meat oxidative stability improves meat quality, which may have lead to an increase in its nutritional value in terms of human health.

ORGANOPHOSPHORus COMPOUNDS are one of the important insecticides and pesticides that have been used in chemical warfare as nerve agents. They are a major global clinical problem, with thousands of deaths occurring every year. ORGANOPHOSPHORus COMPOUNDS inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity cause to the accumulation of acetylcholine at many synapses in the brain and different parts of neuromuscular junctions. In the cases of intoxication to organophosphours poisons four clinical syndromes have been described; cholinergic crisis, intermediate syndrome, delayed neuropathy and chronic organophosphate inducted neuropsychiatric disorder. Whichever stages has special signs and symptoms. The determination of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity in whole blood and plasma, is a rapid, convenient and benefit screening method of poisoning due to ORGANOPHOSPHORus COMPOUNDS but without high sensitivity and specificity, also assess their degradation products in plasma and urine will be feasible but is expensive and is limited to specialized laboratories. The conventional and standard management of poisoned patients include supportive care, detoxification and treatment with antidote atropine sulfate alone or with an oxime. Some of other drugs have been suggested for treatment, e.g. glycopyrrolate, sodium bicarbonate and magnesium sulfate which may in some cases necessary. But still there are many unanswered questions and controversies in the management of ORGANOPHOSPHORus poisoning. Patients with moderate to severe intoxication who receive first aid and emergency medical treatment may survive. However, the presence of either a cardiac arrhythmia or respiratory failure is associated with a poor prognosis. Finally, to reduce mortality rate, early diagnosis, precise monitoring and selection appropriate treatments are useful. This article presents a review of poisoning with ORGANOPHOSPHORus COMPOUNDS.

Arsenic COMPOUNDS toxicity have been reported of many parts of the world. Those are one of global clinical problems that affect all body organs and many cases of death every year. Arsenic COMPOUNDS exist in environment and human body as form of inorganic and organic arsenic. Inorganic arsenic includes arsenite (As III) and arsenate (As V). The inorganic arsenics can be methylated to form monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) in vivo. Aasenic, especially inorganic arsenic is well absorbed (80-90%) from the gastrointestinal tract, distributed in the body, often metabolized by methylation, and then primarily excreted into urine. Methylation of inorganic arsenic COMPOUNDS is considered as a detoxification process. Arsenic COMPOUNDS cause to DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and decreased antioxidant defense levels.The wide human exposure to arsenic compound especial inorganic arsenic in different sources throughout the world causes great concern for human health. Long term exposure to arsenic can lead to cancer of skin and internal organs eg., the liver, lung, kidney and bladder, also high mortality rate. The noncancerous effects of ingesting arsenic include clinical manifestation in gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, immunological, neurological systems, endocrine glands (e.g. diabetes) and skin. There are some laboratories tests available to diagnose poisoning can measure arsenic in blood, urine, hair, and fingernails. The urine test is the most reliable for detecting arsenic exposure.Arsenic toxicity can be life threating and necessitates supportive therapy (administration crystalloid fluids, inotropic drugs and treatment of cardiac dysrhythemias), decontamination (GI tract irrigation & use activated charcoal in some patients), chelating agents that should be initiated as soon as in arsenic toxicity. These chelating agents include: BAL (British anti lewisite, dimercaprol), 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA. Succimer), dimercaptopropane sulfoxid acid (DMPS), and also, long term follow-up of these patients. This review article offer to ascertain: a) find out contamination areas that exposure to arsenic to the people by water, food, soil and air; b) common diseases of arsenic poisoning in human; c) education level, awareness and treatment of contaminated people.

The six elements commonly known as metalloids are boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium. Metalloid containing COMPOUNDS have been used as antiprotozoal drugs. Boron-based drugs, the benzoxaboroles have been exploited as potential treatments for neglected tropical diseases. Arsenic has been used as a medicinal agent and arsphenamine was the main drug used to treat syphilis. Arsenic trioxide has been approved for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Pentavalent antimonials have been the recommended drug for visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Tellurium (IV) COMPOUNDS may have important roles in thiol redox biological activity in the human body, and ammonium trichloro (dioxoethylene-O, O’-) tellurate (AS101) may be a promising agent for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Organosilicon COMPOUNDS have been shown to be effective in vitro multidrug-resistance reverting agents.